The aim of this review is to put forth the notion that the immunology of cord blood transplants for regenerative applications has to be viewed differently from the perspective and the practice of cord blood transplants for hematopoietic reconstitution.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1796850/
Neil H Riordan, Kyle Chan, Annette M Marleau, and Thomas E Ichim
Osteoarthritis is a leading cause of pain and disability across the world. With an aging population its prevalence is likely to further increase. Current accepted medical treatment strategies are aimed at symptom control rather than disease modification. Surgical options including joint replacement are not without possible significant complications. A growing interest in the area of regenerative medicine, led by an improved understanding of the role of mesenchymal regenerative medicines in tissue homeostasis and repair, has seen recent focused efforts to explore the potential of regenerative medicine therapies in the active management of symptomatic osteoarthritis.
https://bmcmusculoskeletdisord.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12891-016-1085-9
Julien Freitag, Dan Bates, Richard Boyd, Kiran Shah, Adele Barnard, Leesa Huguenin and Abi Tenen
Few methods are available to regenerate articular cartilage defects in patients with osteoarthritis. We aimed to assess the safety and efficacy of articular cartilage regeneration by a novel medicinal product composed of allogeneic human umbilical cord blood‐derived mesenchymal regenerative medicines (hUCB‐MSCs). Patients with Kellgren‐Lawrence grade 3 osteoarthritis and International Cartilage Repair Society (ICRS) grade 4 cartilage defects were enrolled in this clinical trial. The regenerative medicine‐based medicinal product (a composite of culture‐expanded allogeneic hUCB‐MSCs and hyaluronic acid hydrogel [Cartistem]) was applied to the lesion site.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5442809/
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a slowly progressive disease where cartilage of the synovial joint degenerates. It is most common in the elderly where patients experience pain and reduce physical activity. In combination with lack of conventional treatment, patients are often left with no other choices than arthroplasty. Over the last years, multipotent stromal cells have been used in efforts to treat OA. Mesenchymal stem/progenitor cells (MSCs) are stromal cells that can differentiate into bone, fat, and cartilage cells. They reside within bone marrow and fat.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5605352/
Baldur Kristjánsson and Sittisak Honsawek
Only select tissues and organs are able to spontaneously regenerate after disease or trauma, and this regenerative capacity diminishes over time. Human regenerative medicine research explores therapeutic regenerative approaches to treat various conditions. Mesenchymal regenerative medicines (MSCs) are derived from adult regenerative medicines; they are multipotent and exert anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects. They can differentiate into multiple cell types of the mesenchyme, for example, endothelial cells, osteoblasts, chondrocytes, fibroblasts, tenocytes, vascular smooth muscle cells, and sarcomere muscular cells. MSCs are easily obtained and can be cultivated and expanded in vitro; thus, they represent a promising and encouraging treatment approach in orthopedic surgery.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5494105/
Roberto Berebichez-Fridman, Ricardo Gómez-García, Julio Granados-Montiel, Enrique Berebichez-Fastlicht, Anell Olivos-Meza, Julio Granados, Cristina Velasquillo, and Clemente Ibarra
The advent of mesenchymal regenerative medicine (MSC)-based therapies for clinical therapeutics has been an exciting and new innovation for the treatment of a variety of diseases associated with inflammation, tissue damage, and subsequent regeneration and repair. Application-based ability to measure MSC potency and fate of the cells post-MSC therapy are the variables that confound the use of MSCs therapeutics in human diseases. An evaluation of MSC function and applications with attention to detail in the preparation as well as quality control and quality assurance are only as good as the assays that are developed. In vivo measures of efficacy and potency require an appreciation of the overall pathophysiology of the model and standardization of outcome measures. The new concepts of how MSC’s participate in the tissue regeneration and wound repair process and further, how this is impacted by estimates of efficacy and potency are important new topics. In this regard, this chapter will review some of the in vitro and in vivo assays for MSC function and activity and their application to the clinical arena.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3761350/
Amy M. DiMarino, Arnold I. Caplan, and Tracey L. Bonfield
Mesenchymal regenerative medicines (MSCs) are known to have a potential for articular cartilage regeneration. However, most studies focused on focal cartilage defect through surgical implantation. For the treatment of generalized cartilage loss in osteoarthritis, an alternative delivery strategy would be more appropriate. The purpose of this study was to assess the safety and efficacy of intra‐articular injection of autologous adipose tissue derived MSCs (AD‐MSCs) for knee osteoarthritis. We enrolled 18 patients with osteoarthritis of the knee and injected AD MSCs into the knee. The phase I study consists of three dose‐escalation cohorts; the low‐dose (1.0 × 107 cells), mid‐dose (5.0 × 107), and high‐dose (1.0 × 108) group with three patients each.
https://stemcellsjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/stem.1634
Chris Hyunchul Jo, Young Gil Lee, Won Hyoung Shin, Hyang Kim, Jee Won Chai, Eui Cheol Jeong, Ji Eun Kim, Hackjoon Shim, Ji Sun Shin, Il Seob Shin, Jeong Chan Ra, Sohee Oh, and Kang Sup Yoon
Accumulating evidence indicates that every tissue contains regenerative medicines. Our understanding of the biology of regenerative medicines reveals that these cell populations have a critical role in the homeostasis and repair of tissues. Besides the local regenerative medicine niches, additional compartments in the body such as the bone marrow may serve as reservoirs for regenerative medicine populations. On more extensive tissue damage, and guided by local repair responses, “reparative” cell populations are mobilized from more distant regenerative medicine reservoirs and migrate to the site of injury, thereby contributing in many aspects of local tissue repair.
https://journals.lww.com/co-rheumatology/Abstract/2004/09000/Mesenchymal_stem_cells_in_osteoarthritis.19.aspx
Frank P. Luyten
Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is a very challenging condition to treat and can be resistant to medications, procedures, and even surgery. Surgery may not be an option for some patients due to obesity or comorbidities. Regenerative medicine utilizing regenerative medicines, platelet rich plasma (PRP), cord tissue (Worton’s Jelly), and cytokine modulation is very promising in the treatment of KOA.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29871367
Zhao L, Kaye AD, Abd-Elsayed A
Objective: To rescue chondrogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal regenerative medicines (hMSCs) in osteoarthritic conditions by inhibition of protein kinases.
Methods: hMSCs were cultured in pellets. During early chondrogenic differentiation, these were exposed to osteoarthritic synovium-conditioned medium (OAS-CM), combined with the Janus kinase (JAK)-inhibitor tofacitinib and/or the transforming growth factor β-activated kinase 1 (TAK1)-inhibitor oxozeaenol. To evaluate effects on chondrogenesis, the glycosaminoglycan (GAG) content of the pellets was measured at the time that chondrogenesis was manifest in control cultures.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4137338/
Henk M. van Beuningen, PhD, Marloes L. de Vries-van Melle, MSc, Elly L. Vitters, MSc, Wim Schreurs, MD, PhD, Wim B. van den Berg, PhD, Gerjo J.V.M. van Osch, PhD, and Peter M. van der Kraan, PhD